Study Guide with a FEW edits

Lecture 1 (Methodology) :
A way to construct a narrative
•       Key Concepts and Events
o       Methodology: Is generally a guideline system for solving a problem,
with specific components such as phases, tasks, methods, techniques
and tools.  The process we use to dissect.
Social History of Art: Social History focuses on the
everyday-contextualized to understand purposes
Marxist Theory
Freudian Theory
Feminist Theory
Critical Race Theory
Queer Theory
o       Post Colonial Theories
o       The Reconquista – refused to recognize rights of Jews and Moors –
battling between Spain & Portuguese against the Moors for control of
Iberian Peninsula beginning in the 8th Century continuing into the
14th Century
The Black Legend:
o       England develops a inglorious narrative about Spain-The Black Legend
– Spanish exploiting the primitive/adamic innocents, Jews,
Protestants“The tears of the Indians being an historical and true
account of the cruel massacres and slaughters of above twenty millions
of innocent people committed by the Spaniards... Title of
book-Published in London: J/C/ fpr Nath, Brooke 1656 Image:
o       Mimicry-hybridity, loss of identity, cultural confusion, imagined
•       Key Images
o       Portrayals of Black Legend Spain
•       The Tears of the Indians: Being an historical and true account of
the cruel massacres and slaughters of above twenty millions of
innocent people; committed by the Spaniards, Artist Unknown (published
by J.C. for Nath. Brooke), 17th Century
•       Hybridity and ambivilence through a constructed image of society
that leaves individual in an uncomfortable state where they are
neither the original (cannot go back) nor the new (will never become)

Lecture 2 (Imagining Conquest)
•       Key Concepts and Events
o       Definition of Myth
o       Development of Geographical Knowledge :Maps originate w/ biblical
centers “Map of the Known World” from Etymologiesof St Isidore and
develops into  conceptual identity such as trade and commerce then
developes to Geographic accuracy
o       Books, Images, and the Diffusion of Knowledge: Printing Press,
Lithographs, explosion in literate populace, Renaissance, interest in
scientific knowledge, Bible in lay languages via Martin luther
o       The Renaissance and the Diffusion of Knowledge : Rebirth of Greek
and Roman ideals
•       Key Images
o       Portrayals of Conquest (Economic and Political)
•       View of Lisbon (oldest known image) from the Cronica de Dom Alfonso
Henriques, Artist Unknown, 16th Century. Ships are symbolic foundation
on which the city are built the economic and commercial success
brought by navigation and nautical exploration.
•       Indo-Portuguese Stuffed Quilt, Anonymous Maker, 17th Century.
Subconcious re-enforcement of Empire as Protecting (i.e. warm,
security blanket) and gifts the colonizing efforts bring to citizen’s
daily life
o       Medieval Conceptions and Depictions of “the other”
•       Illustrations from The Voyages of John Mandeville, Artist Unknown,
First Circulated 14th Century.
•       Images from the Tympanum of Vezelay Abbey, France, Artist Unknown,
12th Century.
o       T.O. (shape) and Early Modern World Maps
•       Map of the Known World from the First Printed Edition of the
Etymologies of St Isidore, Artist Unknown, 16th Century.
•       World Map, Domingo Teixeira, 16th Century.
•       Terris Brasilis Map Folio V of the Miller Atlas, Diego Lopo Homem
et. al, 16th Century.

Lecture 3 (Imagining Brazilians)
•       Key Images
o       Portrayals of Native Americans (Classical and Medieval Roots)
•       Gathering Brazil Wood, Anonymous Carver (Rouen, France), 16th Century.
•       Woodcut of Native Brazilians from Mundus novus, Amerigo Vespucci,
16th Century.
•       Amerigo Vespucci Rediscovers America, Print after Jan Van der
Straet, 16th Century.
o       Portrayals of the New World as a Paradise Lost / Found
•       Images from Americae tertia pars, Theodore de Bry, 16th Century.
o       Allegories of the Four Continents
•       Title Page of Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, Anonymous Artist, 16th Century.
•       Cesare Ripa, Allegory of the Four Continents from Iconologia, 16th Century.

Lecture 4 (Collecting Brazil)
•       Key Concepts and Events
o       Metanarrative (Biblical)
o       Poetics of Implication
o       Collections as Conquest / Kunstkammer
o       Dutch Brazil
o       Hybridity
o       Ambivalence
•       Key Images
o       “Exotic” Objects and Imagery
•       Greenstone Mask, Artists Unknown, Pre-Columbian set in a 17th
Century. European Mount
o       Landscapes
•       Home of a Labrador in Brazil, Frans Post, 1650-1655
•       View of Pernambuco, Frans Post, 1650-1655
o       Ethnographic Portraits and “Scientific” Illustrations
•       Brazilian Fruit, Albert Eckhout, 1641
•       Taiupa Man / Woman, Tupi Man / Woman, Black Man / Woman, Mulato Man
/ Mameleke Woman, Albert Eckhout, 1641

Lecture 5 and 6 (Brazilian Cities)
•       Key Concepts and Events
o       Relationship Between Cities, Conquest, and Civilization
o       Spanish Laws of the Indies
o       Portuguese Feitorias- factories
o       Urbs and Civitas: The idea of the city and the historical
imagination of urban governance in Spain, 19th-20th centuries.
Renaissance idea of a city, Subject worthy of artistic representation,
city implies it is essential for understanding why the city view in
the course of the 16th century emerged as an important, one might even
say, artistic genre.  Individual identity is intragrally tied to
social system of community. Militaristic uniformity.
o       Policia
o       Aristotelian Concepts of Social and Urban Life (wrote book Ethics
and Politics: Hightest form of Happiness is Intellectual
Contemplation)  Earth is the Center of the Cosmos as it is God’s
Creation per Genesis.  Individuals become ethical through connection
with public city systems which tie them to the state.
o       Figure / Ground Relationship (Delineation Between Public and Private Space)
o       Links Between House and Family
o       Colonial Brazilian Social Structure and Concepts of Qualidade
o       Two Bodies of the King
•       Key Images
o       Brazilian Urban Images
•       Map of the Northeast African Coast, Attributed to Fernão Vaz
Dourado, 16th Century.
•       Image of Bahia, Map Included in the Atlas Estado do Brasil (The
State of Brazil) João Teixera Albernaz the Elder, 17th Century.
o       Physical Differences Between Lower, Middle, and Elite Houses

Lecture 7, 8, and 9 (Colonial Brazilian Church)
•       Key Concepts and Events
o       Platonic Concepts of Reality- (Allegory of the Cave: our reality is
not Truth & Reality, as we will find the Real Truth when we get to
Heaven with is the real object and what we are exposed to is the smoke
in mirrors reflection)
o       Augustinian City of God: When the Western Roman Empire was starting
to disintegrate, Augustine developed the concept of the Catholic
Church as a spiritual City of God (in a book of the same name),
distinct from the material Earthly City.[9] His thoughts profoundly
influenced the medieval worldview. Augustine's City of God was closely
identified with the Church, the community that worshipped God.
o       The Reformation (Protestants want to reform church & eliminatation
of indulgences/ paying for sins) and Counterreformation (Council of
Trent to define Dogma esp. Ruling on Images in reaction to Iconoclams)
o       The Council of Trent’s Ruling on Images -1545-63
o       The Baroque, the “Place of the Viewer,” and the Application of the Senses
o       Religious Order / Reductions / Third Order Churches, Private Chapels
/ Oratorios, and Public or Parochial Churches (1st Order: Monks, 2nd
Order Nuns, 3rd Order Privat Citizen)
o       Communities, Civilization, and Public / Parochial (Parish) Churches
o       Mystical Body of Christ and the Church Militant, Expectant, and Triumphant
o       Chancel
o       Nave
o       Altars
o       Religious Icons and Images
o       Monomyth
•       Key Images
o       The Last Judgment Triptych, Hans Memling, 15th Century.
o       The Law and the Gospel, Lucas Cranach the Elder, 16th Century.
o       Third order Carmelite Church, Architect Unknown, Rio de Janeiro,
18th Century.
o       Cathedral of Mariana (Façade, Chancel, Nave, Side Isles), Architect
Unknown, Minas Gerais, 18th Century.
o       Sts. Ambrose and Gregory the Great, Church of The Rosary, Saint
Ifigenia., and São Benedito, Ouro Preto, 18th Century.
o       Pilgrimage Church of Bom Jesus do Matosinhos, Congonhas do Campo,
18th to 19th Century.
o       The Dead Lord, Francisco das Chagas, 18th Century

Lecture 10 (Plantations and Alternative Settlements)
•       Key Concepts and Events
o       Plantation Landscape and Social Organization
o       Quilombos
o       Utopias (Jesuit)
•       Key Images
o       Slave market, Brazil, Johann Moritz Rugendas, 19th Century.
o       Colonial Fazenda Landscape, Paraiba, 18th Century.
o       The Mission of São Miguel, Rio Grande do Sul, 18th Century.

Lecture 11 and 12 (Neoclassicism and Romanticism)
•       Key Concepts and Events
o       Modernity: What is Modernity and how does it Relate to the Following?
•       Philosophical Revolutions
•       Scientific Revolutions
•       Political Revolutions
•       Religious Revolutions
•       Capitalist Revolutions
•       The Rise of Urban Populations
•       The Rise of Technological Development
•       Optimism
o       Nationalism / Civic Religion
o       Neoclassicism
o       Romanticism
o       1755 Lisbon Earthquake
o       Marquis de Pombal and Pombaline Lisbon
o       Art vs Historical Truth
•       Key Images
o       Palace Convent of Mafra, Portugal, Various architects, 18th Century
o       Ruins of the Lisbon Opera House, Jacques Philippe Le Bas, 18th Century
o       A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery, Joseph Wright of Darby, 18th Century
o       Oath of the Horatii, Jacques-Louis David, 18th Century
o       Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis de Pombal, Louis-Michel
van and Claude-Joseph Vernet, 18th Century
o       Pano de Boca (Stage Background), Jean-Baptiste Debret, 19th Century
o       Dom Pedro Lauded by Indians of the Land and Divinities, Artist
Unknown, 19th Century